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ObjectiveTo observe the effects of Hirudo， Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma， and drug pair on renal pathological morphology and protein phosphatase 2A （PP2A）/adenylate activated protein kinase （AMPK）/mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR） signal pathway in rats with chronic renal failure （CRF）. MethodThe 55 male SD rats were randomly divided into a normal group （n=11） and a modeling group （n=44）. The normal group was fed conventionally， and the modeling group was given 0.25 g·kg-1·d-1 adenine by gavage for 28 days to replicate the CRF model. After successful modeling， rats were randomly divided into model group， Hirudo group （3 g·kg-1·d-1）， Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma group （3 g·kg-1·d-1）， and Hirudo + Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma group （3 g·kg-1·d-1）， with 9 rats in each group. The normal group and model group were given a constant volume of normal saline by intragastric administration for 30 days. At the end of the experiment， the levels of serum creatinine （SCr） and urea nitrogen （BUN） in all groups were measured. The renal pathological morphology changes were observed by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining， Masson staining， and electron microscopy. The mRNA expressions of PP2A， AMPK， and mTOR were detected by Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）. The protein expression levels of PP2A， AMPK， phosphorylation（p）-AMPK， mTOR， and p-mTOR in renal tissue were detected by Western blot. ResultCompared with the normal group， the renal pathological structure changes were obvious， and the levels of SCr and BUN were significantly increased. The mRNA expression of PP2A， protein expression of PP2A， and p-mTOR/mTOR expression were significantly increased， and the p-AMPK/AMPK was significantly decreased in the model group （P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， the renal pathological morphology changes were significantly improved， and the levels of SCr and BUN were significantly decreased. The mRNA expression of PP2A， protein expression of PP2A， and p-mTOR/mTOR expression in the renal tissue were significantly decreased， and the p-AMPK/AMPK was significantly increased （P<0.05） in all groups after drug intervention. In addition， the effect in the Hirudo+Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma group was better. The mRNA expression levels of AMPK and mTOR in the renal tissue were not significantly different among the normal group， model group， and other groups. ConclusionThe efficacy of Hirudo and Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma pairs in improving renal fibrosis in rats with CRF is significantly better than that of the single drug， and its improvement on renal fibrosis in rats with CRF may be related to the regulation of PP2A/AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Objective To observe the lipid regulation role of electroacupuncture intervention in the rats with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)induced with high fat and cholesteol forage,and to clarify the regulation mechanism of serum retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4 )level and liver X receptor a (LXR-α)and sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c(SREBP-1c)expressions.Methods 44 female SD rats were fed for 7 d to adapt the environment and were randomly divided into normal group, model group, Dongbaogantai group, electroacupuncture group;11 rats in each group.The rats in normal group got routine feeding,and the others were fed with high fat and high cholesterol forage. After 8 weeks, the models were established, the rats in electroacupuncture group were treated with electroacupuncture method (1.5-2.0 Hz, D.-D.wave, 9V, 1-3 mA)in“Ganshu”,“Pishu”,“Geshu”for 15 min,once a day,lasted for 28 d.The changes of fasting blood-glucose(FBG),serum free fatty acids(FFA)and liver tissue homogenate triglyceride(TG)and total cholesterol (TC)levels of the rats in various groups were tested, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA)was used to determine the serum RBP4 levels, and Western blotting method was used to detect the LXR-αand SREBP-1 c protein expression levels in rat liver tissue.Results Compared with normal group,the FBG,serum FFA,TG and TC levels in liver tissue homogenate and serum RBP4 level of the rats in model group were increased (P<0.01);the LXR-αand SREBP-1c protein expression levels were also increased (P<0.01).Compared with model group, the FBG,serum FFA,the TG and TC levels in liver tissue homogenate and serum RBP4 levels of the rats in electroacupuncture group and Dongbaogantai group were decreased (P<0.01);the LXR-αand SREBP-1c protein expression levels were also decreased (P< 0.05 or P< 0.01 ). Conclusion Electroacupuncture method in“Fenglong”,“Zusanli”,“Sanyinjiao”can reduce the serum RBP4 level, regulate the lipid metabolism, and improve the lipid deposition of the NAFLD rats;they have obvious therapeutic effect on NAFLD, and its mechanism may be related to inhibiting the increasing of LXR-αand SREBP-1 c protein expressions in liver tissue.
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The construction of intensive subjects in TCM College has the direct relationship with the existence and development of TCM career.To aim directly at the slow development of the construction of intensive subjects in TCM College in-adapted to high education,clinic,scientific research and academics development,this article points out the constructive thinking route that the construction of TCM intensive subjects should develop all round with intensive subjects based on the center of TCM topics,the means of combination of several subjects.It also elucidates the performing measures and methods of the thinking route from different angles,thus it provides some reference to the construction of intensive subjects in TCM College in the 21st century.
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There is a fact that there is TCM education in some western medical universities.Starting from the problems existing in medical universities,the author in this article thinks TCM education should bring into full play its superiority and put emphasis on training talented persons with knowledge of TCM and western medicine and talented persons with ability to communicate with foreigners in TCM,and so on.It's the developing trend for TCM education development in some western medical universities and it's also the problem needing to be highly thought of in the reform of TCM education in western medical universities.
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Objective To investigate the effects of Liuwei Hezhong Powder on gastrointestinal motility and hormones,and to explore its possible mechanism.Methods The small intestinal propulsion ratio,endogastric residual rate and total gastrointestinal propulsion time in mice were observed after intragastric administration of Liuwei Hezhong Powder .Radioimmunoassay was applied to detect the changes of gastrin,motilin and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in spleen asthenia rats.Results Compared with the blank control group,Liuwei Hezhong Powder can significantly improve the small intestinal propulsion,reduce endogastric residue and shorten total gastrointestinal propulsion time(P 0.05),but the high dosage group of Liuwei Hezhong Powder were especially remarkable(P